The OR estimates from other subgroup analyses showed tofu was consistently associated with reduced risk of breast cancer. However, current evidence suggests that most soy-based foods like tofu, edamame, miso and tempeh are safe. Right now, there's not a definitive answer to that question. In fact, the only caution doctors typically give patients is to avoid soy-based supplements. Its a hot topic thats confusing, so lets start with the basics. In Table 2, we pooled the OR estimates by study design (cohort and control), number of cases (> 400 and < 400), sources of the controls in case-control studies (population and hospital), and adjustment of the most important confounders (yes and no), geographical region (Western and Asian populations), study quality (high and low quality), verification of breast cancer (histologically confirmed and registry), and menopause (premenopausal and postmenopausal women). Before FOIA Some of the misunderstandings come from the fact that studies in people and studies in animals may show different results. These may help protect against some cancers, heart disease, and osteoporosis. 8600 Rockville Pike Among these studies, ten of them achieved score 7 and one achieved score 8 [13, 14, 3743, 46]. Isoflavones and Prostate Cancer: A Review of Some Critical Issues. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement, Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochrane Q-test [19] and the Higgins I2 score [20]. The identification of relevant studies was performed independently by two different authors (QW and XL), and disagreements were resolved through consultation with a third reviewer (SR). It also contains isoflavones such as phytoestrogens. One of the most common reasons for going vegan is to prevent breast cancer. Answering Questions About Soy and Breast Cancer - Komen Perspectives Our 24/7 cancer helpline provides support for people dealing with cancer. The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendation [17]. In this article, we examine the benefits and possible risks of eating this popular plant. The low incidence of breast cancer in Asia may be partly due to the high intake of tofu. This type of powder is typically used to make a smoothie or shake but can also be the source of protein in nutrition bars, certain pre-packaged Theoretically these products could provide higher levels of phytoestrogens if taken consistently, However, there are other things we know about the chemicals that may contradict this theory. Can tofu cause breast cancer Updated - Cancer Updated 2022 there is not enough evidence from human clinical trials to confirm this risk. And if its OK to eat, why do some people say it isnt? Myth #6: Does Tofu Cause Bloating? Cancer Res. Soy isoflavones may help reduce bone loss and increase bone mineral density, especially after menopause. Tofu comes in several different consistencies: Extra firm, firm, soft, or silken. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Basics Nutrition Antinutrients Isoflavones Heart health Cancer Diabetes Other benefits Risks Selection Bottom line Tofu is condensed soy milk that people press into blocks of different. Tofu is a staple of vegetarianism. A recent meta-analysis that focused on dietary intake of soy foods and risk of breast cancer failed to detect a significant association between tofu intake and the risk of developing breast cancer [48]. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) experimental study; 2) letters or case reports; 3) articles that provided inadequate data or only information for breast cancer mortality. Spagnuolo, C., Russo, G. L., Orhan, I. E., & Nabavi, S. M. (2015, July). cheese. There was no significant heterogeneity (P = 0.221, I2 = 20.9%) after excluding the 2 studies, and the overall association was not materially changed (OR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.760.91). Because the names sound similar, Siebel . but did not cause cancer or the feminization of reproductive organs . Research has linked tofu, with its high levels of isoflavones, to a lower risk of several age- and lifestyle-related diseases. Tofu: Health benefits, uses, and possible risks - Medical News Today Some of the topics we can assist with include: For medical questions, we encourage you to review our information with your doctor. For reprint requests, please see our ContentUsage Policy. due to their concentrated nature. The FDA has set 25 g a day of soy protein as the minimum intake needed to impact cholesterol levels. Diet and premenopausal bilateral breast cancer: a case-control study. Sixth, tofu is very versatile as a food; it can be further processed into various secondary tofu products, including deep-fried tofu, grilled tofu, frozen tofu, dried-frozen tofu, fermented tofu, which may have different effects on breast cancer. Baglia ML, Zheng W, Li H, Yang G, Gao J, Gao YT, et al. Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Does eating soy affect your hormones? - Clue Reviewing your PSA results can help your doctor determine whether you are more likely to get prostate cancer. Fifth, there are more advanced tools available for quality assessment of studies cross-sectional and cohort studies, such as quality of cohort studies (Q-Coh) and risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I), however, we only used the NOS to rate the individual articles, which might underestimate the risk of bias of studies [54, 55]. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. It is now widely distributed not only to Asian countries but also to Europe and the United States, and planning tofu intervention studies is easy in areas where consumption of tofu is high, such as China and Japan. However, more studies are needed to establish exactly what happens and why. Tofu is used in many meat substitutes, such as tofu sausages and tofu burgers. This is because soy contains estrogenic chemicals known as isoflavones. If you still have concerns about a potential link between soy and cancer particularly if you're a breast cancer survivor talk to your doctor or oncologist before making any dietary changes. Can Eating Soy Cause Breast Cancer? | Cancer.Net And avoiding processed foods is another way to lower your cancer risk. Penelitian pada hewan menunjukkan bahwa saponin dapat meningkatkan kolesterol darah dan meningkatkan pembuangan asam empedu. Soy foods, including tofu, edamame, miso, soy sauce, and soy milk, are some of the most widely consumed foods on the planet. Also, doses of isoflavones in the animal studies are much higher than in humans. From each article, the following variables were recorded: first authors name, year of publication, study design, origin of the studied population, sample size, verification of breast cancer, range of categories of tofu intake, risk estimates with corresponding 95% CIs, adjustment for potentially confounding factors (the most important potential confounders were age, age at menarche, parity, family history, and hormone replacement therapy use), and exposure assessment. Can Soy Cause Breast Cancer? - Cleveland Clinic Soy consumption during menopause. Wu AH, Wan P, Hankin J, Tseng CC, Yu MC, Pike MC. Those undergoing treatment for ER+ breast cancer may want to avoid soy protein isolate in powdered form as well as soy protein enriched nutrition bars or vegetarian meat replacements. Individual isolates do not occur in nature. PA and PS play an important role in the functioning of neurones. Yamamoto S, Sobue T, Kobayashi M, Sasaki S, Tsugane S, Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study on Cancer Cardiovascular Diseases G. Soy, isoflavones, and breast cancer risk in Japan. Estrogen can fuel certain cancers, like some breast cancers and prostate cancers. Soy sauce is high in sodium and soybean oil is comprised mostly of polyunsaturated fat, which makes it less desirable than other oils such as olive oil. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies This finding is consistent with the results from the previous meta-analysis by Qin et al. Soy in natural food form such as tofu, edamame and soy milk is safe for consumption, even for people with a cancer diagnosis. For instance, it has been discovered that isoflavones can also have some anti-estrogenic effects in the body. Calcium intake and breast cancer risk: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. It is an important source of protein, especially for vegans and vegetarians. Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1480510/, https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/4887?fgcd=&manu=&lfacet=&format=&count=&max=50&offset=&sort=default&order=asc&qlookup=tofu&ds=&qt=&qp=&qa=&qn=&q=&ing=, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991438/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657545/, http://www.berkeleywellness.com/healthy-eating/food-safety/article/hexane-soy-food, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270274/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383497/, https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/gender-differences-in-selfperceived-personal-resources-of-older-adults-with-generalized-anxiety-symptoms-2329-8847-1000179.pdf?aid=89128, http://www.aicr.org/foods-that-fight-cancer/tab-content/soy-research-1.html?referrer=https://www.google.co.uk/, https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-soy-on-metabolic-syndrome-and-cardiovascular-risk-facto, https://www.oncologynutrition.org/erfc/hot-topics/soy-and-breast-cancer/, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281548123_Genistein_and_Cancer_Current_Status_Challenges_and_Future_Directions, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17413118, http://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/8/1874.long, https://www.cornucopia.org/hexane-guides/nvo_hexane_report.pdf, http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/110310p28.shtml, http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/090111p52.shtml, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/btri/2013/230142/, Exercise may raise stroke risk for people with moderate to severe blocked arteries, Social isolation, loneliness linked to increased risk of all-cause mortality, Intermittent fasting and traditional calorie counting about equal for weight loss, Whole-food, plant-based diet linked to type 2 diabetes remission, How 'natural killer' cells may be a new approach to treating neuropathic pain, Everything to know about the raw vegan diet, Everything you need to know about green beans, Iron-rich foods for vegetarians and vegans. Studies were included if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) a casecontrol, cohort or cross-sectional design published in the English language; 2) studies evaluating the potential association between the risk of breast cancer and dietary tofu intake; 3) provided estimators of risk, such as relative risk (RR), incidence rate ratios (IRR), hazard ratios (HR), or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), or reported data to calculate them. Can eating soy products cause cancer? May 2013 (Aug. 4, 2014) http://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/issues/2013-may/soyandcancer.html, Reinberg, Steven. (Aug. 4, 2014) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_146865.html, Presley, Amber. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Our patients depend on blood and platelet donations. This is thought to be because the isoflavones in soy can act like estrogen in the body, and increased estrogen has been linked to certain types of breast cancer. Soybeans, soy nuts and edamame all contain fiber. Soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidic acid: Effects on brain functions in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Tofu juga mengandung saponini, yaitu senyawa yang dianggap dapat memiliki efek perlindungan pada kesehatan jantung. Hidayat K, Chen GC, Zhang R, Du X, Zou SY, Shi BM, et al. SOY: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions - WebMD It may offer relief for certain symptoms of. {currentyear} American Cancer Society, Inc. All rights reserved. Does Eating Soy Increase Estrogen and Cause Breast Cancer? Research conducted on lab rats points to a possible increased risk. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. At our National Cancer Information Center trained Cancer Information Specialists can answer questions 24 hours a day, every day of the year to empower you with accurate, up-to-date information to help you make educated health decisions. Soybean oil is an ingredient in many packaged foods such as crackers, cookies, breads It is important to check the nutrition label when buying processed foods. Evidence from one study has indicated that those who consumed only soy protein in their diet excreted less protein than those who only consumed animal protein. The pool OR of ten studies showed an inverse relationship with statistical significance in premenopausal women (OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.520.87); for postmenopausal women, the pool OR of nine studies were 0.72 (95%CI 0.470.97), which is similar to the OR in premenopausal women. Breast cancer-related effects of eating tofu Our conclusion that eating tofu could be beneficial is based on the available epidemiological evidence concerning tofu consumption and breast cancer incidence. When researchers noticed that most Japanese women get fewer hot flashes than women in other cultures, they followed the pattern. This may be due to its protein content, but also because of its impact on lipid levels in the blood. Soy foods are a healthy source of protein, but get all the facts on their affect on your cancer risk. However, findings published in 2017 suggested that soy products may help people with Alzheimers due to their lecithin content, which helps the body produce the phospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Consuming tofu as an alternative to animal protein can help lower levels of LDL cholesterol. Soy foods are a healthy source of protein, but get all the facts on their affect on your cancer risk. Except for the well-known hereditary and genetic factors, the etiology of breast cancer remains largely unknown. There has also been speculation that soy might help protect against other cancers, like uterine and prostate. The key to good health is a healthful lifestyle, with a balanced and varied diet and regular exercise, rather than focusing on one dietary item. However, overconsumption may also present some risks. Some early rodent studies suggested that a high intake of soy may increase tumor growth, but later studies found that rats metabolize soy differently from humans, making the early results invalid. Cancer Causes Control. On one hand, estrogen has a protective influence. The raw vegan diet is high in raw fruits and vegetables and low in processed foods. The P value for nonlinearity was calculated by testing the null hypothesis that the coefficient of the second spline is equal to zero. Does tofu cause cancer? [2022] | QAQooking.wiki Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Moderate amounts of whole soy foods are currently not thought to affect tumor growth or the risk of developing breast cancer. Cui X, Dai Q, Tseng M, Shu XO, Gao YT, Zheng W. Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in the shanghai breast cancer study. Fig 1 demonstrated the detailed process of study selection from the initial search to final inclusion. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. A statistically significant protective effect of tofu intake on breast cancer was observed in case-control studies (OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.600.82), while no such effect was observed in cohort studies (RR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.811.38). Hirose K, Takezaki T, Hamajima N, Miura S, Tajima K. Dietary factors protective against breast cancer in Japanese premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Tofu is made from soybean curds. Zaineddin AK, Buck K, Vrieling A, Heinz J, Flesch-Janys D, Linseisen J, et al. That's because the soy in supplements is processed differently than it is in natural foods. Log in to our secure, personalized website to manage your care (formerly myMDAnderson). Kojima R, Okada E, Ukawa S, Mori M, Wakai K, Date C, et al. In addition, the Galbraith plot was used to detect the possible sources of heterogeneity [21]. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Fourth, ER/progesterone receptor (PR) status is the important indicator for predicting efficacy of endocrine therapy and prognosis in breast cancer. Phytoestrogen consumption and breast cancer risk in a multiethnic population: the Bay Area Breast Cancer Study. Age, education, income, age at menarche, parity, age at first live birth, history of breastfeeding, use of hormones, family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative, frequency of exercise, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. 10. If you want to add soy to your diet, eat fewer processed soy foods, and choose more whole foods like edamame, tofu and soy nuts. Solid line represents the estimated odds ratios, and the dotted lines represent the 95% confidence intervals. Moderate intake of soy, in food form, does not increase cancer growth. Epidemiologic studies have suggested that high intake of soy foods was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer incidence [11, 12]. This is because isoflavones have a chemical structure similar to that of estrogen, and high levels of estrogen can increase the risk of breast cancer. On the contrary, the remaining four studies were regarded as with low quality [15, 16, 44, 45]. The concern about soy's ability to promote breast cancer growth is heightened by our findings (40, 104) obtained in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro and in . The association of soy food consumption with the risk of subtype of breast cancers defined by hormone receptor and HER2 status. However, owing to the limitations of case-control studies, more properly designed prospective studies are warranted to confirm this association. Studies have indicated that daily consumption of soy may decrease markers for cardiovascular disease risk, including weight, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol. Soy and Breast Cancer: What You Need to Know - WebMD In fact, in human studies, the estrogen effects of soy seem to either have no effect at all, or to reduce breast cancer risk (especially in Asian countries, where lifelong intake is higher than the US). Toxic chemicals: Banned in organics but common in "natural" food production. Impact of diet on breast cancer risk: a review of experimental and observational studies, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, The second World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Soyfood intake during adolescence and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Chinese women, Dietary intake of soy protein and tofu in association with breast cancer risk based on a case-control study. Is Soy Consumption Good or Bad for the Breast? - PMC Effect of soy on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. According to the Mayo Clinic, a soy allergy is fairly common and can be extremely serious. This may be because the isoflavones can actually block the more potent natural estrogens in the blood. Diarrhea. Moreover, the impact appears to relate only to a specific type breast cancer, which is estrogen-receptor positive. Research has linked tofu, with its high levels of isoflavones, to a lower risk of several age- and lifestyle . However, it may cause slight weight gain in young individuals, as well as individuals who are obese. "It's important to make sure you are getting all the nutrients your body needs. The short and So doesn't it stand to reason that tofu can also help prevent cancer or, at the very least, not cause it? Instead, there is growing evidence that regular soy intake may decrease breast cancer recurrence. A 2009 study found that consuming soy foods . Our expert offers tips to help you avoid social or casual smoking, so youll live a longer, healthier life. Soy and phytoestrogens: Possible side effects. (2011). Eating soy foods like tofu, edamame and soy milk has been linked to reduced risk of certain cancers including breast cancer, prostate cancer and gastric cancer. Fact Check: Tofu Poultice Does NOT 'Starve' Or 'Get Rid Of' Brain Observational studies on the association between tofu intake and breast cancer incidence have reported inconsistent results. Regardless, those seeking to avoid GMO in soy foods can elect to purchase organic options. The science of soy: What do we really know? official website and that any information you provide is encrypted A further concern with a high soy intake is that the phytoestrogen in soy produce may have a mildly feminizing effect, and that this could lead to complications such as gynecomastia (breast development in men), or that it could impact fertility. In some animal studies, rodents that were exposed to high doses of compounds found in soy called isoflavones showed an increased risk of breast cancer. Gleason, C. E., Fischer, B. L., Dowling, N. M., Setchell, K. D. R., Atwood, C. S., Carlsson, C. M., Asthana, S. (2015, August 11). [47] and explored the dose-response relationship between tofu and breast cancer risk. Cancer patients do not need to eliminate all sources of soy food from their diet. Tofu is a soy-based food, and there is growing concern over a possible link between soy and breast cancer.
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