(DOCX 42 kb). : 255-260. Similarly, Kling et al. Causes of Obesity Obesity is a complex disease that occurs when an individual's weight is higher than what is considered healthy for his or her height. The terms "overweight" and "obesity" refer to body weight that is greater than what is considered normal or healthy for a certain height. Science (2013) 341(6150):1241214. doi: 10.1126/science.1241214, 99. Interventions should consider lifestyle factors and education attainment to help maintain healthy BMI and reduce unhealthfully high BMI incidence. Browse Figures. Association of the MC4R Rs17782313 Polymorphism With Plasma Ghrelin, Leptin, IL6 and Tnf Concentrations, Food Intake and Eating Behaviors in Morbidly Obese Women. PMC Cohen-Cole E, Fletcher JM. Expert Opin Investig Drugs (2020) 29:6371. healthy foods may in the long run change their habits and lower their BMI Appl Geogr. Chi S-H, Grigsby-Toussaint DS, Bradford N, Choi J. Consider two new immigrants who have similar characteristics. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis (2019) 29(5):47480. Objective and methods A model specifying body mass index (BMI) as mediating the relationship between lifestyle factors (aerobic fitness determined by . These results are supported by the previous literature on environmental factors. https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0000000000000086. Google Scholar. Lee EY, Yoon KH. It is also possible that immigrants move to a place with a high percentage of their co-ethnic population. Table S1. These studies provide evidence that environmental factors influence individual health outcomes. 2013;10:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-29. When a foreign individual is introduced into a population, he/she voluntarily or involuntarily adapts to the given social and physical infrastructure. as practitioners,for children with obesity an early psychological This process of adoption to a new lifestyle may result in acquiring new health behavior and dietary habits thus resulting in unhealthy outcomes [26,27,28,29,30,31]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2009) 106(7):236570. Lancet. Health Place. 51. Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body. According to standardized regression coefficient; factors affecting BMI in the order of importance are: age (p<0.001), educational (p<0.001), marital (p<0.001), smoking status (p<0.05) and sleep duration (p>0.05). Genetics and Obesity - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf Antecol H, Bedard K. Unhealthy assimilation: why do immigrants converge to American health status levels? Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Affecting Obesity in Children and Adolescents. These varying environments within a state can create a classical error-in-variables problem and would bias the co-efficient towards zero. Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 640 Krannert Building, 403 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 631 Krannert Building, 403 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA, You can also search for this author in Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, Rey FE, Cheng J, Duncan AE, Kau AL, et al. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00521.x, 34. Rosen ED, Kaestner KH, Natarajan R, Patti ME, Sallari R, Sander M, et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.10.003. Family History and Obesity in Youth, Their Effect on Acylcarnitine/Aminoacids Metabolomics and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The details for the obesity rate calculation and assignments for each state and region are in Table 4 in the Additional file 1. Copyright 2021 Lin and Li. (PDF) The Rate of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Affecting Body Association between environmental factors and BMI: evidence from recent Lancet (2017) 390(10113):262742. Obes (Silver Spring) (2018) 26(2):35161. This article describes the genetic causes of obesity, including syndromic, monogenic, and polygenic causes, and cites specific examples of epigenetic . The longer you stay, the bigger you get: length of time and language use in the U.S. are associated with obesity in Puerto Rican women. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00139.x. Rosenheck R. Fast food consumption and increased caloric intake: a systematic review of a trajectory towards weight gain and obesity risk. Immigrants undergo a process of acculturation when they move into a new environment of the host country. Obesity is defined as when a person has a body mass index [BMI (kg/m 2 ), dividing a person's weight by the square of their height] greater than or equal to 30, overweight is defined as a BMI of 25.0-29.9. NIS 2003 data were collected in 20032004, and the state-level obesity rates used are for the year 2003. Diabetologia (2019) 62:120411. Gut Microbiota After Gastric Bypass in Human Obesity: Increased Richness and Associations of Bacterial Genera With Adipose Tissue Genes. Human Gut Microbiota in Obesity and After Gastric Bypass. Cell Res (2011) 21(3):38195. 2010;2:3263. Demography. Currie J, DellaVigna S, Moretti E, Pathania V. The effect of fast food restaurants on obesity and weight gain. Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Cell Stress (2019) 3(7):20820. BMI is used as the main outcome variable, calculated from the self-reported height and weight data available in NIS 2003. World J Gastroenterol (2015) 21(29):8787803. By controlling individual specific demographic variables, in the first specification, we estimate the influence of LOR on BMI measures of immigrants. Lopez-Gonzalez L, Aravena VC, Hummer RA. Sports Physical Therapy Education in the United States: Where Do We Go From Here? BMI screens for weight categories that may lead to health problems, but it does not diagnose the body fatness or health of an individual. Obes (Silver Spring) (2017) 25(5):95864. The Gut Microbiota as an Environmental Factor That Regulates Fat Storage. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Zhang Z, Mocanu V, Cai C, Dang J, Slater L, Deehan EC, et al. Phone: +971 507 888 742 These results are supported by the existing literature, which states that female immigrants converge to the American BMIs at a faster rate than the male immigrants [22] and that the female immigrants body composition is affected more as compared to men after moving to the USA. Obes Surg (2020) 31(3):123948. Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI. According to standardized regression coefficient; factors affecting BMI in the order of importance are: age (p<0.001), educational (p<0.001), marital (p<0.001), smoking status (p<0.05) and. Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C. The medical care costs of obesity: an instrumental variables approach. Paternal Obesity is Associated With IGF2 Hypomethylation in Newborns: Results From a Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST) Cohort. Gupta N, Jain V. Prader Willi Syndrome - A Common Epigenetic Cause of Syndromic Obesity. However, female immigrants drive these results. Martins MC, Trujillo J, Freitas-Vilela AA, Farias DR, Rosado EL, Struchiner CJ, et al. Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. doi: 10.1111/obr.12445, 26. Results: The result of this study shows that BMI is less than 18.5 in 25.4% of the males as compared to 11.5% in females. Association of food environment and food retailers with obesity in US adults. Cruz K, de Oliveira A, Morais J, Severo JS, Marreiro D. Role of microRNAs on Adipogenesis, Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Obesity. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Disparities in obesity prevalence due to variation in the retail food environment: three testable hypotheses. PDF. Tunis Med (2002) 80(9):5427. Your privacy choices/Manage cookies we use in the preference centre. Age and sex-adjusted prevalence of overweight, obesity class I, and obesity class II were 14.9, 16.1, and 3.3 % respectively. 2004;292:2860. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.23.2860. Body Composition - ScienceDirect.com PubMed The LOR has a significant effect on the BMI levels of all the immigrants. Obes (Silver Spring) (2014) 22 Suppl 2:S40. Diabetes (2021) 70:9961005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00477.x. Nutrients (2020) 12(8):2208. doi: 10.3390/nu12082208, 35. Factors associated with body mass index in children and - PLOS Dietary Fat Is Not a Major Determinant of Body Fat. Diabetes (2018) 67(10):192331. Results from Table2 show the estimates for the effect of LOR on the BMI of immigrants. In other words, individuals living in the same area are exposed to the same fast-food restaurants, the same exercise and wellness facilities, and the same obesity rate. The .gov means its official. For people who are considered obese (BMI greater than or equal to 30) or those who are overweight (BMI of 25 to 29.9) and have two or more risk factors, it is recommended that you lose weight. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.8.1320, 97. J Am Diet Assoc. The LOR of a region is defined as the percent of obese adults in a given region. By using this website, you agree to our Nat Rev Genet (2012) 13(4):27182. Willett WC, Leibel RL. Arguelles AO, Meruvu S, Bowman JD, Choudhury M. Are Epigenetic Drugs for Diabetes and Obesity at Our Door Step. Telles S, Gangadhar BN, Chandwani KD. Factors associated with body mass index in children and - PubMed Nutrition (2017) 35:2835. 2022 Jul 7;17(7):e0270233. Zhang H, DiBaise JK, Zuccolo A, Kudrna D, Braidotti M, Yu Y, et al. 2014;311:806. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.732. Fuster V, Kelly BB, editors. Prevalence of obesity among immigrants. Front Med (2015) 9(2):12933. Behavioral and emotional adaptations of obese and underweight students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Gong S, Ye T, Wang M, Wang M, Li Y, Ma L, et al. Laparoscopic Endoscopic Robotic Surg (2019) 2(3):538. Business Bay, DeGruttola AK, Low D, Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E. Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models. PubMed The First Genome-Wide Association Study for Type 2 Diabetes in Youth: The Progress in Diabetes Genetics in Youth (ProDiGY) Consortium. Compounded with the existing issue of underweight, such concerns expose the double burden of disease and may put stress on rural healthcare. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000280562. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2486. Obes (Silver Spring) (2017) 25(1):10210. Bhagyashree Katare. 2010;110:86978. Am Econ J Econ Policy. According to the healthy immigrant theory, immigrants on arrival are healthier than the native population and with time their health converges to that of the natives [22,23,24]. (5.1kg) more weight in Georgia than she would have gained in Colorado (the reference height for these calculations is 1.75mts and weight 50kg). 2009;34:27181. We want to quantify the contribution of each level of variation (individual-level effects, acculturation effects, and environmental effects) on immigrants BMI levels. Determinants or factors affecting health include the following: (a . National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3). Nutrients (2019) 11(10):2291. doi: 10.3390/nu11102291, 101. Struben J, Chan D, Dub L. Policy Insights From the Nutritional Food Market Transformation Model: The Case of Obesity Prevention. The Rate of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Affecting Body Mass Index (BMI) among Teenagers in Derna City, Libya. OLS Estimates for Effect of Environment on BMI of Immigrants with interaction of local obesity rate and duration of stay (NIS 2003). doi: 10.1007/s11033-014-3751-z, 67. PDF Body Mass Index: Considerations for Practitioners Factors That Affect Body Mass Index of Adults 30. If we assume that new immigrants choose to live in a region independent of the LOR and the factors that drive it, then we can causally identify the role that environmental factors play in obesity prevalence. Wu Y, Duan H, Tian X, Xu C, Wang W, Jiang W, et al. A variety of variables are associated with these conditions, including physical activity, socioeconomic position, rurality, television use, and diet. Is obesity contagious? The final sample construction for this paper is reported in Table 3 in Additional file 1 consisting 1189 male and 913 female immigrants. Houde AA, Lgar C, Biron S, Lescelleur O, Biertho L, Marceau S, et al. Accessed 8 Mar 2017. Competing interests: Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, Vuyyuru H, Sasikala M, Nageshwar Reddy D. Role of the Normal Gut Microbiota. We consider local obesity rate as an outcome of the local environmental factors. Scarborough P, Bhatnagar P, Wickramasinghe KK, Allender S, Foster C, Rayner M. The economic burden of ill health due to diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol and obesity in the UK: an update to 2006-07 NHS costs. Front. 2007;83:1630. A person's bony . For device-specific BIVA and PA, reference values from different populations stratified according to ethnic, age, and body mass index (BMI) groups are available. 2008;16:266975. Health Econ. Physiol Behav (2013) 119:926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.009. This study used publicly available data for New Immigrant Survey (NIS) 2003 (https://nis.princeton.edu/index.html). Descriptive Statistics for different BMI categories Table S5. Obesity is closely linked to genetics and environmental factors. Email: [emailprotected]. Gomez G, Stanford FC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-006-9002-8. 2003;11:12S22S. We find that acculturation measured as female immigrants English language skills was significantly correlated with their BMI. Epidemic Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Risk Factors and Prevention. Impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome-A Systematic Review. The nutritional patterns of recently immigrated Honduran women. Patients with obesity are at major risk for developing a range of comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal disorders, type 2 diabetes (T2D), joint and muscular disorders, respiratory problems, and psychological issues, which may significantly affect their daily lives as well as increasing . Sample construction -NIS 2003 Table S2. Rebello CJ, Greenway FL. Standard errors are corrected for heteroscedasticity and are clustered at the state level to correct for arbitrary within-state correlation. Understanding Adult Overweight & Obesity - NIDDK Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of weight adjusted for height, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). . Google Scholar. They adapt to the local environment prevalent in the surrounding area, which is influenced by the observable and unobservable preferences of other people living in that area. Zhang Q, Ramlee MK, Brunmeir R, Villanueva CJ, Halperin D, Xu F. Dynamic and Distinct Histone Modifications Modulate the Expression of Key Adipogenesis Regulatory Genes. Background: Male immigrants conversing in English with their spouses have lower BMI than those who do not converse in English. On the auspices of female migration from Mexico to the United States. Nat Genet (2003) 33(Suppl):24554. PubMed Central Appl Econ. Female immigrants with well or very well English proficiency level have higher BMI. Chen J, Sun M, Adeyemo A, Pirie F, Carstensen T, Pomilla C, et al. Influence of Unhealthy Food and Beverage Marketing on Children's Dietary Intake and Preference: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdr033. Obesity is largely viewed as an individual outcome originating from individual choices [4,5,6]. I would like to ask what theory did you use in this study? J Transcult Nurs. 2005;61:246981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.004. 2014. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/table-adults.html. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Gelesis100: A Novel Nonsystemic Oral Hydrogel for Weight Loss. These choices influence the health of the immigrants [25, 26]. Our results contribute to the knowledge about the effectiveness of policy interventions geared toward modifying the local environment, such as state taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, immigrant population, public transportation, density of food deserts, parks and recreation infrastructure, and outdoor recreation opportunities. 2, we augment the first version with acculturation variables (Acculturationis). changing with or without external influences like the mentioned exercise doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.287, 87. Association between environmental factors and BMI: evidence from recent immigrants from developing countries, Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, $$ {\mathbf{BMI}}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}={\boldsymbol{\upbeta}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\left(\mathbf{local}\ \mathbf{obesityrate}\right)}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}+{\boldsymbol{\upbeta}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}+{\mathbf{u}}_{\mathbf{i}} $$, $$ \mathbf{BM}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}={\boldsymbol{\upbeta}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\left(\mathbf{local}\ \mathbf{obesity}\ \mathbf{rate}\right)}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}+{\boldsymbol{\upbeta}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}+{\boldsymbol{\upbeta}}_{\mathbf{3}}{\mathbf{Acculturation}}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}+{\mathbf{u}}_{\mathbf{i}} $$, $$ \mathbf{BM}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}={\boldsymbol{\upbeta}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\left(\mathbf{local}\ \mathbf{obesity}\ \mathbf{rate}\right)}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}+{\boldsymbol{\upbeta}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}+{\boldsymbol{\upbeta}}_{\mathbf{3}}{\mathbf{Acculturation}}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}+{\beta}_{\mathbf{4}}{\mathbf{W}}_{\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}}+\kern0.5em {\mathbf{u}}_{\mathbf{i}} $$, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-019-0174-4, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195312911.001.0001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.10.003, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60813-1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.009, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00477.x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.04.005, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-006-9002-8, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00026.x, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008002267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.09.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.02.004, https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/table-adults.html, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2007.00373.x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.07.043, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-004-3395-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2012.02.003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2003.10.015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.001, https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0000000000000086, https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000280562, https://stateofobesity.org/adult-obesity/, https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1747-7379.2009.00764.X, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-009-9148-6, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. It is a random sample of full cohort of immigrants who have newly acquired their legal permanent residence. 2005;84:58193. Individuals local environment is a function of factors such as the socio-economic status in the area, access to supermarkets and grocery stores, concentration of fast-food restaurants, physical infrastructure, economic policy, cultural environment, and proximity to recreational centers and parks. Nihon Rinsho (2010) 68(Suppl 8):35963. Community-level effects arise due to shared experiences. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. This study also shows 21.1% of the smokers were having BMI above 30 as compared to 18.3% in non smokers. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. -, Misra P, Upadhyay R, Misra A, Anand K. Review of the epidemiology of diabetes in rural India. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00026.x. This may shield immigrants from the social and cultural environments in the region. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/, http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/frind3/00frontmatter00.pdf. Telehealth. Soc Sci Med. Misra A, Singhal N, Sivakumar B, Bhagat N, Jaiswal A, Khurana L. Nutrition transition in India: Secular trends in dietary intake and their relationship to diet-related non-communicable disease. To explore the correlation between body mass index, and obesity, on one hand, and formal education, expressed in terms of years spent in full-time education, on the other, controlling . 2006;23:37183. BMI limitations: Age and sex, body composition, and health Bookshelf BMC Med Genet (2015) 16:29. doi: 10.1186/s12881-015-0174-1, 69. Yan R, Bastian ND, Griffin PM. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4880-7, 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-009-9148-6. Download PDF Download PDF with Cover Download XML Download Epub. Hi, could this study to be as a refrence to do criterion B for students MYP4 of IB students. eCollection 2022. correlated because of possible unobserved factors affecting both health (or obesity) and education in the same direction. Overweight and obesity among Canadas immigrants. 2001;38:187200. Malmusi D, Borrell C, Benach J. Migration-related health inequalities: showing the complex interactions between gender, social class and place of origin. Evidence also suggests dietary assimilation in immigrants is influenced by local environmental factors and that dietary change affects body mass index of female immigrants. Adult obesity in the United States - the state of obesity. Changes in individual behavior, such as increases in fast-food consumption [7], increases in the consumption of sweetened beverages [8], unhealthy eating habits [9], physical inactivity [10], and increases in television viewing time [11], have been associated with the rise in obesity.
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