Advertisement. and transmitted securely. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. The researchers compared the villagers to a control group of boys from a demographically similar village that lacked a history of endosulfan pollution. An official website of the United States government. [78] On February 18, 2011, the Karnataka government followed suit and suspended the use of endosulfan for a period of 60 days in the state. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. We do not know whether endosulfan can produce birth defects in children. [65][66] This inspired protests, and the pesticide was banned in Kerala as early as 2001, following a report by the National Institute of Occupational Health. Endosulfan- Complete Environment Notes for UPSC IAS Exam! - Testbook.com It has a distinct odor similar to turpentine. Akcan R, Hilal A, Daglioglu N, Cekin N, Gulmen MK. Endosulfan was strongly recommended to be banned completely by the FPA's technical experts as far back as 20 years ago. Oecologia (accepted: 13 October 2008), Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Institute of Occupational Health, International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "Stockholm Convention approves recommendation for ban on endosulfan", "Endosulfan: Supreme Court to hear seeking ban on Monday", "Australia should ban endosulfan: Greens". Discover world-changing science. It is critical to create national endosulfan usage/emission inventories for China to carry out source-receptor relation analysis, risk . 6. The EPA determined that after a typical endosulfan application to tomatoes, concentrations of endosulfan downstream can be up to 28 times higher than the level fatal to the average freshwater fish; application has caused massive fish kills. In a 2016 study[55] by the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore published in Carcinogenesis, endosulfan was found to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration and time-dependent manner leading to double-stranded breaks in the DNA and also found to favour subsequent erroneous DNA repair. [7], An official statement by Makhteshim Agan of North America (MANA) states, "From a scientific standpoint, MANA continues to disagree fundamentally with EPA's conclusions regarding endosulfan and believes that key uses are still eligible for re-registration." Endosulfan is degraded readily by soil microorganisms. Furthermore, in 2017, the Supreme Court of India directed the Kerala Government to pay Rupees 500 Crores to over 5,000 victims of the Endosulfan tragedy. The Pollution Control Board of the Government of Kerala, prohibited the use of endosulfan in the state of Kerala on 10 November 2010. 4770 Buford Highway India will phase out all endosulfan use by 2017. The EPA estimates that 1.3 million pounds of endosulfan were used annually from 1987 to 1997. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted EPA Bans Pesticide Found on Cucumbers, Zucchini, Green Beans and Other Vegetables. In the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants of 2011, when an international consensus arose for the global ban of the pesticide, India opposed this move due to pressure from the endosulfan manufacturing companies. Endosulfan Phase-out | Pesticides | US EPA Due to its harmful and toxic effects on human health and the environment, it has been banned globally. Although banned in several western countries by the late 2010s ( Vandenberg et al., 2020 ), endosulfan (ES) is still used in developing countries. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the U.S. EPA, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have not classified endosulfan as to its ability to cause cancer. Declaring that endosulfan is unsafe, the Environmental Protection Agency announced Wednesday that it is about to ban one of the last organochlorine pesticides still used in the United States. The agency's move reverses a decision made in 2002 under the Bush Administration that allowed continued use of endosulfan with some restrictions. However, it took many years for officials to fully address the dangers of the pesticide. If your doctor finds that you have been exposed to significant amounts of endosulfan, ask whether your children might also be exposed. Sometimes these not-to-exceed levels differ among federal organizations. Tracking decades-long endosulfan tragedy in Kerala - Down To Earth Endosulfan is used to control insects on food and non-food crops and also as a wood preservative. How can endosulfan enter and leave my body? Epub 2009 Nov 24. Recent studies also have shown that exposure of rats and mice to endosulfan during pregnancy and lactation can alter the levels of some chemicals in the brain of their offspring. Endosulfan is applied to crops by aerial or ground-level foliar spray. (a) Schmidt WF, Hapeman CJ, Fettinger JC, Rice CP, and Bilboulian S. Robert L. Metcalf "Insect Control" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry" Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002. However, participants in the study were also exposed to other pesticides and there was no evidence that the people had significant health problems due to their exposure to the pesticides. -Endosulfan and -endosulfan are expected to break down in soil, but endosulfan sulfate is more resistant. The EPA recently announced the pesticide will be phased out by 2016 in the United States. Unfortunately, there are hundreds of more toxic pesticides registered by the EPA and in widespread use that pose unnecessary threats to endangered wildlife and human health and deserve equal scrutiny.. 2009: The Stockholm Convention's Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee (POPRC) agreed that endosulfan is a persistent organic pollutant and that "global action is warranted", setting the stage of a global ban. Endosulfan in China 1-gridded usage inventories - PubMed of Pesticide Regulation. Thanks for reading Scientific American. A Supreme Court-appointed panel recommended phasing out the use of Endosulfan across a period of two years to avoid the high cost of incinerating. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has not set a legal limit for endosulfan in workplace air. [109], 6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro- 6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide, Benzoepin, Endocel, Parrysulfan, Phaser, Thiodan, Thionex, InChI=1S/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,7-,8+,19+/m0/s1, InChI=1/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2, InChI=1/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,7-,8+,19+/m0/s1, Cl[C@@]3(Cl)[C@]1(Cl)C(/Cl)=C(/Cl)[C@@]3(Cl)[C@H]2[C@@H2]OS(=O)O[C@@H2][C@H]12, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, History of commercialization and regulation, PMRA: Re-evaluation Note REV2011-01, Discontinuation of Endosulfan. It can build up in the body of animals that live in endosulfan contaminated water. EPA officials said new research shows that the health risks to workers who apply endosulfan to crops "are greater than previously known, in many instances exceeding the agency's levels of concern." How can families reduce the risk of exposure to endosulfan? Is there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to endosulfan? However, neighboring States still used them. Endosulfan is now still produced and widely used in the crop fields in most of the developing countries, due to its effectiveness and low application cost . [71][72] The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) welcomed this order, and called it a 'resounding defeat' for the pesticide industry which has been promoting this deadly toxin. In 2011, the seventh meeting of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP's) placed a global ban on the manufacture and use of Endosulfan. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. If you are exposed to endosulfan, many factors determine whether you'll be harmed. Several countries still using endosulfan have indicated privately that they want to stop, and are hoping for a ban under the Stockholm Convention. Lindane is banned from crops but continues to be used in prescription shampoos for treating lice. Roberts DM, Dissanayake W, Rezvi Sheriff MH, Eddleston M. J Clin Neurosci. In California, about 60,000 pounds were applied to crops in 2008, compared with 151,000 pounds in 2002, according to the California Dept. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1 800-232-4636. The main target of endosulfan toxicity is the nervous system. It is commercially available as mixtures of two diastereomers, - and -endosulfan, known as technical grade endosulfan (TGE). Studies in humans have suggested associations between maternal exposure to endosulfan and autism and altered thyroid function and development of the nervous system in newborn children. 2010: The POPRC nominated endosulfan to be added to the Stockholm Convention at the Conference of Parties (COP) in April 2011, which would result in a global ban. Studies of occupational and environmental exposure of humans have not provided conclusive evidence that endosulfan can cause cancer. Its conclusion: "While a few crop uses have relatively high benefits for growers, the nationwide benefits to society as a whole are low for all uses of endosulfan and do not exceed the risks," says an EPA document released online Wednesday. If you eat food contaminated with endosulfan, most of it will probably rapidly be absorbed through the digestive tract. Endosulfan is primarily used as an insecticide in agriculture and it is also used as a wood preservative. It's important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. However, reports suggest it is persistent in the soil. Most currently approved endosulfan crop uses will end in two years, and all uses will be phased out by 2016. Endosulfan has been detected in the urine of exposed people. The Endosulfan Tragedy in Kerala - The Borgen Project A review of currently used pesticides (CUPs) in Canadian air and
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