Orthodox take socially conservative views on gender issues, homosexuality, Split between Ukrainian, Russian churches shows political importance of Orthodox Christianity, Ethiopia is an outlier in the Orthodox Christian world, Q&A: A closer look at Orthodox Christians, Online Religious Services Appeal to Many Americans, but Going in Person Remains More Popular, As AI Spreads, Experts Predict the Best and Worst Changes in Digital Life by 2035, More than half of states now recognize Juneteenth as an official holiday, Inflation, Health Costs, Partisan Cooperation Among the Nations Top Problems, The text is called the Kebra Nagast (In English, The Glory of Kings). Christianity was introduced to Ethiopia in the 4th century, and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (called Tewahdo in Ethiopia) is one of the oldest organized Christian bodies in the world. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. )arable land: 15.2% (2018 est. [26] As of 2016[update] the largest Bah community is in Addis Ababa. Ethiopia is the second country historically, following only Armenia, to have officially proclaimed Christianity . It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. ), improved: urban: 52.5% of populationrural: 8.1% of populationtotal: 17.7% of populationunimproved: urban: 47.5% of populationrural: 91.9% of populationtotal: 82.3% of population (2020 est. [32] Tension between Christian and Muslim Oromo were witnessed during the 2005 Ethiopian general election, when Muslim Arsi Oromo denounced the Shewa Oromo for participating in political nepotism. For example, Orthodox Ethiopians observe the Jewish Sabbath, circumcise their sons at eight days old, and follow Jewish dietary laws. And 98% of Orthodox Ethiopians say religion is very important to them, compared with 52% in the United States and a median of 28% of Orthodox Christians in Europe who say this. )major-language sample(s): Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo buuraawaatiif baayee barbaachisaa tae. ), municipal: 810 million cubic meters (2020 est. Moreover, the largest portion of non-Arab companions of Muhammad belonged to Ethiopian ethnic groups. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian mother. )services: 43.6% (2017 est. [3] Ethiopia is the site of the first hijra in Islamic history and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash. For example, while just 6% of Orthodox Christians in Russia say they attend church on a weekly basis, a large majority of Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia (78% . [40] In the late fifteenth century Adal Sultanate invaded Abyssinia led by Imam Mahfuz, his defeat brought about the early 16th century Jihad of the Adalese Imam Ahmed Gran against Ethiopia, where several churches were demolished. Infant, child, and maternal mortality have fallen sharply over the past decade, but the total fertility rate has declined more slowly and the population continues to grow. Some of our resources will be aimed at educators who hope to serve non-straight young people better; some speak directly to high schoolers, like worksheets telling the stories of orthodox, queer . although it represents a unique and complex concept, referring figuratively to St. Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. [7], According to the government's 1994 census (which the CIA World Factbook follows), 61.6% of the Ethiopian population was Christian: 50.6% of the total were Ethiopian Orthodox, 10.1% were various Protestant denominations (such as P'ent'ay and the Lutheran Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus), and Roman Catholics constituted 0.9% of the population). In addition, a text celebrated by Orthodox Ethiopians draws an historical connection to King Solomon of Israel, who is believed to have fathered a son with Queen Makeda of Ethiopia (the Queen of Sheba). [16] While Muslims can be found in almost every community, Islam is most prevalent in the Somali (98.4%), Afar (95.3%) and Oromia (47.5%) Regions. ), 29.97 births/1,000 population (2023 est. Tithing is a more common practice among Orthodox Christians in Bosnia (60%), Ethiopia (57%) and Serbia (56%). [33] There is some tension between members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Protestant Christians, as well as between the Ethiopian Orthodox and Muslims in general. Traditionally, the status of Islam has been far from equal with that of Christianity. Note: Read more about the history of Ethiopia's Orthodox Christians. The ruling party, the Prosperity Party, was created by Prime Minister ABIY in November 2019 from member parties of the former Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), which included the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM), plus other EPRDF-allied parties such as the Afar National Democratic Party (ANDP), Benishangul Gumuz Peoples Democratic Party (BGPDP), Gambella Peoples Democratic Movement (GPDM), Somali Peoples Democratic Party (SPDP), and the Harari National League (HNL). ), $27.27 billion (2019 est. description: bicameral Parliament consists of:House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)elections: House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected in October 2026)House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next expected in June 2026)election results: House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%notes: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums, highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts, House of People's Representatives:Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA [BERHANU Nega] Gedeo People's Democratic PartyIndependent [n/a]Kucha People Democratic PartyNational Movement of Amhara or NAMA [BELETE Molla]Prosperity Party or PP [ABIY Ahmed Ali]note: Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. Ethiopian Catholic Church | Religion Wiki | Fandom In the dominant national historical narrative, Ethiopia is a Christian country whose roots are intertwined with the ancient Israelites and the Hebrew bible. A small fraction of Ethiopians are animists who worship a variety of African deities. As a particular church of the Catholic Church, it is in full communion with the Holy See. Between 1982 and 1991 there was a new wave of migration to the West for family reunification. These depict a number of saints, both Ethiopian and from other Orthodox traditions, along with biblical scenes. Answer The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is the largest of the Oriental Orthodox Churches in Ethiopia. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. These attributes are readily visible in the postures of worshippers. Indeed, these gaps between Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia and Europe mirror broader differences in religious commitment between people living in sub-Saharan Africa, where religious observance is relatively high among all major religious groups, and those in more secular societies in Central and Eastern Europe. agriculture: 34.8% (2017 est. [citation needed] The numerous indigenous African religions in Ethiopia operate mainly in the far southwest and western borderlands. Madonna and Child images often feature prominently. Holy Trinity Ethiopian Orthodox Cathedral, Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, travel to Ethiopia via modern-day Eritrea, "Population and Housing Census of 1994: Religion", Ethiopia: International Religious Freedom Report, 2007, Ethiopia: International Religious Freedom Report 2006, "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census", https://web.archive.org/web/20090305231227/http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_firstdraft.pdf, "The Bah Faith: 18441963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Bah Teaching & Consolidation Plan 19531963", "North American Bah Choir in Ethiopia 2009", "Families and youth identified as keys to reducing poverty", "Five arrested for attack on mosques in Ethiopia's Amhara region", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Ethiopia&oldid=1161521640, This page was last edited on 23 June 2023, at 07:51. ), birr (ETB) per US dollar -43.734 (2021 est. Ethiopia is a predominantly agricultural country nearly 80% of the population lives in rural areas that is in the early stages of demographic transition. Ethiopia - Tewahdo, Islamic Faith, Nilotic Languages, and Beta Israel Ethiopian Orthodoxy is part of the Oriental branch of Orthodoxy, which accounts for approximately 20% of the global Orthodox population and is not in communion with Eastern Orthodoxy, the larger branch, largely due to theological and doctrinal differences. Meanwhile, majorities of Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia, the U.S., Romania, Greece, Serbia and Bosnia say they are absolutely certain that God exists. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), 16.798 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Christians form the majority of the population. total: 1,104,300 sq kmland: 1,096,570 sq kmwater: 7,730 sq kmnote: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined, slightly less than twice the size of Texas, total: 5,925 kmborder countries (6): Djibouti 342 km; Eritrea 1,033 km; Kenya 867 km; Somalia 1,640 km; South Sudan 1,299 km; Sudan 744 km, tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation, high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley, highest point: Ras Dejen 4,550 mlowest point: Danakil Depression -125 mmean elevation: 1,330 m, small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower, agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est. Abyssinia is also mentioned in the Qur'an and Hadith. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is one of the largest original and oldest Christian churches in Africa; only surpassed in age by The Church of the East, the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Greek Orthodox Church, and the Coptic Church of Egypt. Their existence was not widely known to the outside world for many years, and they likewise were not aware of other Jewish groups outside of their own community. Most Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia say theirs is the one true faith leading to eternal life in heaven, and that only a single way exists to correctly interpret their religions teachings. The Orthodox Church in Ethiopia is part of the Oriental branch of the tradition, in communion with five other Oriental Orthodox churches (Egypt, India, Armenia, Syria and Eritrea). )on alcohol and tobacco: 3.8% of household expenditures (2018 est. Orthodox Christians around the world display widely varying levels of religious observance. This East African outpost of Orthodoxy reflects two broad trends. )percent of population: 17% (2021 est. This word refers to the Oriental Orthodox belief in the one composite unified nature of Christ; i.e., a belief that a complete, natural union of the divine and human natures into one is self-evident in order to accomplish the divine salvation of humankind. About 43 percent of Ethiopia's estimated 100 million people belong to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, a dominant force that, with Ethiopia's monarchy, had defined this ancient land and its people for more than 16 centuries. The Ethiopian Catholic Church[a] or Ethiopian Eastern Catholic Church is a sui iuris Eastern Catholic church that is based in Ethiopia. Islam was introduced in the 7th century and is now practiced by about one-third of Ethiopians. )other: 51.5% (2018 est. The country in the Horn of Africa has 36 million Orthodox Christians, the worlds second-largest Orthodox population after Russia. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 6,532,787 tons (2015 est. The largest numbers of practitioners of traditional religions are in the SNNPR (about 993,000 people) and Oromia (895,000). Majorities in about half the countries surveyed say they believe in the evil eye (i.e., that certain people can cast curses or spells that cause bad things to happen to someone), and more than a third in most countries say they believe in magic, witchcraft or sorcery. Among those surveyed, American Orthodox Christians show moderate levels of religious observance. Our History The Ethiopian Orthodox Archdiocese ), $2,300 (2021 est. )wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )industry: 21.6% (2017 est. ), conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopiaconventional short form: Ethiopialocal long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripebliklocal short form: Ityop'iyaformer: Abyssinia, Italian East Africaabbreviation: FDREetymology: the country name derives from the Greek word "Aethiopia," which in classical times referred to lands south of Egypt in the Upper Nile region, name: Addis Ababageographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 Etime difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the name in Amharic means "new flower" and was bestowed on the city in 1889, three years after its founding, 11 ethnically based regional states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 chartered cities* (astedader akabibiwach, singular - astedader akabibi); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sidama, Sumale (Somali), Tigray, YeDebub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples), YeDebub M'irab Ityop'iya Hizboch (Southwest Ethiopia Peoples), oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C. [34], In the Hadith, Prophet Mohammed explicitly prohibited jihad against the Abyssinians as long as they were not hostile to Muslims. Orthodox Christians do not make up a majority of Ethiopias overall population: 43% of Ethiopians are Orthodox, while approximately 19% are Protestant and 35% are Muslim. ), improved: urban: 98.5% of populationrural: 70.2% of populationtotal: 76.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.5% of populationrural: 29.8% of populationtotal: 23.6% of population (2020 est. Orthodox Ethiopians also tend to be more conservative on social issues than are other Orthodox Christians surveyed; they express higher levels of moral opposition to homosexuality, prostitution, abortion, divorce and drinking alcohol. Orthodox Christians are highly religious in Ethiopia - Pew Research Center [29] Discrimination against Muslims has been rampant since the creation of modern Ethiopia, Muslims were marginalized in the Haile Selassie era. 1895) were so often appropriated by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996, Abyssinian lion (traditional), yellow pentagram with five rays of light on a blue field (promoted by current government); national colors: green, yellow, red, name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulunote: adopted 1992, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (8 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (c); Simien National Park (n); Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (c); Axum (c); Lower Valley of the Awash (c); Lower Valley of the Omo (c); Tiya (c); Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (c); Konso Cultural Landscape (c), growing Horn of Africa construction- and services-based economy; port access via Djibouti and Eritrea; widespread but declining poverty; COVID-19, locust invasion, and Tigray crisis disruptions; public investment increases; second largest African labor force, $278.945 billion (2021 est. note: data are in current year dollars$7.715 billion (2020 est. Before the 1974 revolution, only small numbers of the Ethiopian elite went abroad to study and then returned home, but under the brutal Derg regime thousands fled the country, primarily as refugees. The document, titled "Synodality and Primacy in the Second Millennium", presents an overview of the historical journey of both . Russian Orthodox iconostasis. Made to order in a city of Frolovo Continue browsing in r/Catholic_Orthodox. It was part of the Coptic Orthodox Church until 1959, and is the only pre-colonial Orthodox church in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox Church, which is the largest Christian denomination in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, the range of saints who are significant to believers is much narrower than in many other Catholic countries, even though the Latin rite liturgical calendar in Ethiopia honors a large number of saints. In December 2019 several mosques and Muslim owned businesses were attacked in the Christian dominated Amhara Region. Read more on americamagazine.org. Who introduced Christianity to Ethiopia? Islam in Ethiopia dates back to the founding of the religion; in 615, when a group of Muslims were counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca and travel to Ethiopia via modern-day Eritrea, which was ruled by Ashama ibn Abjar, a pious Christian king. "[9][14] Roughly 68% of Ethiopian Muslims are Sunni, whilst 23% are non-denominational Muslims, whilst another 2% adhere to other sects such as Shia, Quranist, Ibadi etc. )34.927 (2020 est. ), 19.3 years (2019 est. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. [6] Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents. A small Jewish community still exists in Ethiopia, although it is mostly composed of Falash Mura, Ethiopian Jews who converted to Christianity in the past, and as such have not been recognized as Jews by the State of Israel, but have returned to Judaism (the Falash Mura now number some 22,000). And in the U.S., majorities of Orthodox Christians say they believe in heaven and in hell, although there is a particularly large gap between the share who say they believe in heaven and those who say they believe in hell (81% and 59%, respectively). Were Orthodox Christians massacred in Ethiopia? - America Magazine For early Christians, the risk of persecution from the Romans sometimes ran high, forcing them to. Spotlight on the Eastern Churches: The Ethiopian Catholic Church [3] Haile Selassie's government reportedly concealed the actual figures of the Muslim population in order to present Ethiopia as a Christian nation to the outside world. The Bloody Conflict Dividing Ethiopia's Christians )consumption: 9,778,100,000 kWh (2019 est. )methane emissions: 114.21 megatons (2020 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Muslims and adherents to indigenous tribal religions make up the remaining 50 percent. Is Ethiopia Catholic or Orthodox? )spirits: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The Ethiopian Catholic Church | CNEWA It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. According to the national census conducted in 2007, over 32 million people or 43.5% were reported to be Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, over 25 million or 33.9% were reported to be Muslim, 13.7 million, or 18.6%, were P'ent'ay Christians, and just under two million or 2.6% adhered to traditional beliefs. [31] U.S ambassador David H. Shinn stated in 2005 that the Ethiopian leadership continued to be largely Christian. ), general assessment: has been one of the last in Africa to allow its national telco a monopoly on all telecom services including fixed, mobile, internet and data communications; this has stifled innovation, restricted network expansion, and limited the scope of services on offer; the World Bank in early 2021 provided a $200 million loan to help develop the countrys digital transformation, while the government has embarked on its 2020-2030 program as well as its Digital Ethiopia 2025 strategy, both aimed at making better use of digital technologies to promote socioeconomic development (2021)domestic: fixed-line subscriptions less than 1 per 100 while mobile-cellular stands at a little over 54 per 100 people (2021)international: country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) (2016), 6 public TV stations broadcasting nationally and 10 public radio broadcasters; 7 private radio stations and 19 community radio stations (2017), total: 20.4 million (2021 est. Similarly, across Europe, majorities of Orthodox Christians say they believe in the existence of the soul. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox Church, which is the largest Christian denomination in Ethiopia.
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