There are two major types of electron microscopy. Spongy bone is also present in the joints of the body and acts as a shock absorber when we walk, run and jump. c) zone of hypertrophic cartilage. Bones of the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs are the most commonly affected. 3. it helps heal bone fractures 4. is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, the region of mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the _____, 1. it is found in the head, arms, legs, and trunk of the body 2. it is more flexible than bone 3. it contains cells and a matrix, ____ are large phagocytic cells found in bone, the secondary ossification centers form in the _____ of long bones, 1. hyaline cartilage model develops 2. To examine this finding further, recent research has compared the trabecular density of modern human skeletons to those of chimpanzees and early humans who lived millions of years ago. 1) Produce a cell that becomes an osteoblast. Creative Commons Attribution License Biologydictionary.net Editors. Optical microscopes can be simple, consisting of a single lens, or compound, consisting of several optical components in line. The type of ossification that begins with a hyaline cartilage model is ______ ossification. 6.3 Bone Structure - Anatomy and Physiology 2e | OpenStax What causes the osteoclasts to become overactive? Learn Test Match Created by ocoer Terms in this set (71) Which statements characterize the effect of Vitamin D? (Micrograph provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012). These are the attachment points for tendons and ligaments. Two cells in one lacuna begin to produce new matrix, A fracture at the distal end of the fibula and malleolus of the tibia is specifically called a ____ fracture, 1. contains osteoblasts 2. it is active during bone repair 3. it contains osteoclasts 4. it lines medullary cavities, decreased bone mass can cause a disease called ______, 1. hyaline cartilage model develops 2. periosteal bone collar forms 3. primary ossification center appears 4. secondary ossification centers appear 5. bone replaces cartilage 6. epiphyseal plates become epiphyseal lines, Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called ____ bone, Statements that characterize concentric lamellae of osteons, 1. they contain collagen fibers 2. their numbers vary among osteons 3. they are rings of bone tissue, True or False: The innervation of bone is mainly composed of sensory nerves that signal injuries to the skeleton, 1. a fracture hematoma forms 2. a fibrocartilaginous callus forms 3. a bony callus forms 4. the bone is remodeled, In the repair of a simple fracture, the fibrocartilaginous callus stage lasts at least ___ _____. Chapter 6 Flashcards | Chegg.com Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity? 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Provide each student with their own copy of The Osteo Blaster/Claster Wheel. The open spaces of the trabeculated network of spongy bone allow spongy bone to support shifts in weight distribution, which is the function of spongy bone. Spongy bone is usually located at the ends of the long bones (the epiphyses), with the harder compact bone surrounding it. In general, their size and shape is an indication of the forces exerted through the attachment to the bone. Pagets disease is diagnosed via imaging studies and lab tests. Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone or trabecular bone, is a very porous type of bone found in animals. In a severe protein deficient diet, which portion of the bone matrix will be reduced? The Haversian canal contains the bones blood supplies. Osteoblasts, which do not divide, synthesize and secrete the collagen matrix and calcium salts. Four types of cells are found within bone tissue: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts (Figure 6.3.5). Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/spongy-bone/. which statements characterize the functions of cartilage? Which hormones promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure? After a fracture, woven bone forms initially and is gradually replaced by lamellar bone during a process known as bony substitution. The microscopic scale (from Ancient Greek (mikrs) 'small', and (skop) 'to look (at); examine, inspect') is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly. An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. Bone scans are also useful. Which statements characterize bone markings? Bone is hard and many of its functions depend on that characteristic hardness. The trabeculae are covered by the endosteum, which can readily remodel them. Learn Test Match Created by goobet Terms in this set (108) which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity? Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bones overall function. The diaphysis is the hollow, tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. Severe anemia can trigger the conversion of ____ bone marrow into ___ bone marrow, Bone growth within a membrane is called ____ _____, statements that characterize lamellar bone, 1. it becomes the spongy bone of flat bones 2. it replaces trabeculae of woven bone 3.it becomes the compact bone of flat bones 4. its is also called secondary bone, a ____ fracture occurs in bone that has been weakened by disease, Type of fracture that is a thin break caused by recent increased physical activity in which the bone experiences repetitive loads, bone is squashed as in a vertebra during a fall, bone is splintered into several small pieces between the main parts, steps of interstitial growth of cartilage, 1. "Spongy Bone." 1) they can sometimes be used in skelatal remians to determine a person's sex. It can be found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. It has a high proportion of osteocytes to hard inorganic salts that leads to its mechanical weakness. Which statements chacterize endochondral ossification? 1. Compact bone is dense and composed of osteons, while spongy bone is less dense and made up of trabeculae. While compact bone is denser and has fewer open spaces, spongy bone is ideal for making and storing bone marrow within the lattice-like trabeculae network. The cells responsible for bone resorption, or breakdown, are the osteoclasts. The epiphyses, which are wider sections at each end of a long bone, are filled with spongy bone and red marrow. The spaces of the trabeculated network provide balance to the dense and heavy compact bone by making bones lighter so that muscles can move them more easily. Red marrow fills the spaces in the spongy bone. 1. they contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions 2. they extend from lacunae to lacunae 3. nutrients pass through them. Osteoid formation is followed by calcification, Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength, Which statements describe the inorganic components of the matrix of bone, 1. contains hydroxyapatite crystals 2. it gives the bone its hardness, Statements that characterize intramembranous ossification, 1. ossification centers appear around the 8th week of development 2. some osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts 3. osteoid formation is followed by calcification, in bone fracture repair a fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced with a _____ callus, The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its _____, 1. they secrete hydrochloric acid 2. Ossification centers appear around the 8th week of development. Compact Bone Compact bone, also called cortical bone, surrounds spongy bone and makes up the other 80% of the bone in a human skeleton. The two layers of compact bone and the interior spongy bone work together to protect the internal organs. Some osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts. That is called compact bone. The basic microscopic unit of bone is an osteon (or Haversian system). Compact bone stores yellow bone marrow, which is composed primarily of fat, in its medullary cavity. Osteitis deformans is also called ____ disease. Each group of concentric circles (each tree) makes up the microscopic structural unit of compact bone called an osteon (this is also called aHaversian system). The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation, Chapter 21. Which of the following statements is NOT true about spongy bone? Red marrow fills the spaces in some bones. The most familiar type of microscope is the optical, or light, microscope, in which glass lenses are used to form the image. On the outside of bones there is another layer of cells that grow, repair and remodel bone as well. Rings of bone directly internal to the periosteum of a bone are called external ______ lamellae. Imaging systems that characterize optical scatter from bulk tissue vary considerably in their technological implementation. Although bone cells compose a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to the function of bones. The osteocytes are located inside spaces called lacunae (singular = lacuna), found at the borders of adjacent lamellae. Ossification centers appear around the 8th week of development. B. The ongoing balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is responsible for the constant but subtle reshaping of bone. The periosteum covers the entire outer surface except where the epiphyses meet other bones to form joints (Figure 6.8). As an essential component of the skeleton, bone tissue provides solid support for the body and protects vital organs. This process also occurs in the liver and spleen. Bone markings depend on the function and location of bones. The total process takes about 4 to 8 months, and occurs continually throughout our lives. These osteogenic cells are undifferentiated with high mitotic activity and they are the only bone cells that divide. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow. Leftover parts of osteons that have been partially resorbed are called ______ lamellae. They maintain bone matrix and they reside in lacunae ______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone osteoclasts Which statements characterize central canals of osteons The surface features of bones vary considerably, depending on the function and location in the body. 6.3C: Microscopic Anatomy of Bone is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. As the name implies, an articulation is where two bone surfaces come together (articulus = joint). A. Osteocytes only exist in cancellous, or spongy bone. Trabecular bone gets its name because of the spongy pattern it displays in an x-ray. Their numbers vary among osteons. Table 6.2 describes the bone markings, which are illustrated in (Figure 6.10). . In a cross-section, the fibers of lamellar bone can be seen to run in opposite directions in alternating layers, much like in plywood, assisting in the bones ability to resist torsion forces. In general, their size and shape is an indication of the forces exerted through the attachment to the bone. The regular parallel alignment of collagen into sheets, or, lamellae, causes lamellar bone to be mechanically strong. Osteoclasts are continually breaking down old bone while osteoblasts are continually forming new bone. The basic microscopic unit of bone is an osteon (or Haversian system). The answer is still unknown, but hereditary factors seem to play a role. 14.4: Structure of Bone - Biology LibreTexts are licensed under a, Structural Organization of the Human Body, Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems, Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back, Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax, Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System, Circulation and the Central Nervous System, Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation, Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange, Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, Digestive System Processes and Regulation, Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Human Development and the Continuity of Life, Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System, Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System, Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. Which vitamin promotes collagen production. It promotes absorption of phosphate and calcium into the blood. Watch this video to see the microscopic features of a bone. Each ring of the osteon is made of collagen and calcified matrix and is called a lamella (plural = lamellae). Which tissue is responsible for the production of blood cells? LearnSmart Ch 7 Flashcards | Quizlet Ossification centers appear around the 8th week of development. It is a disorder of the bone remodeling process that begins with overactive osteoclasts. It is through this process that the long bones in a human embryo develop. Be able to recognize these cell types: osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. Which statements chacterize the effect of Vitamin D? If osteoblasts and osteocytes are incapable of mitosis, then how are they replenished when old ones die? What 3 statements characterize central canals of osteons? 3. Chapter 7. Bone matrix is laid down by osteoblasts as collagen, also known as osteoid. lysosomes disolve the organic parts of bone matrix. Table 6.3 reviews the bone cells, their functions, and locations. Later discussions in this chapter will show that bone is also dynamic in that its shape adjusts to accommodate stresses. Spongy bone histology slide Bone scans are also useful. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cell, osteoclasts resorb or break down bone, and osteocytes are mature bone cells. Here's a blown up view of an osteon. The epiphyseal plate, a layer of hyaline cartilage, is replaced by osseous tissue as the organ grows in length. It aids in the calcification of bone. However, in a small percentage of cases, bisphosphonates themselves have been linked to an increased risk of fractures because the old bone that is left after bisphosphonates are administered becomes worn out and brittle. Which statement correctly describes compact bone? The osteocytes in spongy bone are nourished by blood vessels of the periosteum that penetrate spongy bone and blood that circulates in the marrow cavities. 6.3C: Microscopic Anatomy of Bone - Medicine LibreTexts The wider section at each end of the bone is called the epiphysis (plural = epiphyses), which is filled internally with spongy bone, another type of osseous tissue. Running down the center of each osteon is the central canal, or Haversian canal, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.
which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?
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